What are the 5 skills for CNA?
Updated September 4, 2026
The five core skills for a Certified Nurse Aide (CNA) are often categorized as: hand hygiene, vital signs measurement, infection control, mobility assistance, and activities of daily living (ADLs). These skills form the foundation of nurse aide practice and are directly tested on both the written and clinical skills exams.
1. Hand Hygiene and Infection Control
Proper handwashing is the single most important skill to prevent healthcare-associated infections. You must know when to wash (before and after patient contact, after glove removal) and the correct technique (use soap, scrub for at least 20 seconds, rinse, and dry). Additionally, you should be able to apply personal protective equipment (PPE) like gloves and gowns correctly. For more in-depth preparation, see our CNA infection control exam tips.
2. Vital Signs Measurement
Measuring and recording temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure accurately is a critical skill. You must know normal ranges, proper use of equipment (e.g., stethoscope, sphygmomanometer), and how to report abnormal findings to the nurse. Always document immediately after taking vitals.
3. Mobility Assistance
Helping residents move safely includes techniques like transferring from bed to wheelchair, ambulating with a gait belt, and performing range-of-motion exercises. Safety is paramount: lock wheels, keep the bed low, and use proper body mechanics to avoid injury. Practice with a CNA mobility skill questions PDF to reinforce these steps.
4. Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)
ADLs include bathing, dressing, grooming, toileting, and feeding. These skills require both technical ability and respect for the resident’s dignity and independence. For example, always provide privacy and encourage the resident to do as much as they can. You can test your knowledge with an ADL practice test.
5. Communication and Documentation
Although often overlooked, effective communication and accurate documentation are essential skills. You must be able to listen actively, report observations to the nurse, and chart clearly and objectively. Good communication also includes nonverbal cues and respecting cultural preferences.
Mastering these five skills will help you pass your CNA exam and provide safe, compassionate care. For comprehensive practice, explore CNA practice exams that cover these areas.