Can Lice Cause Headaches? What CNA Candidates Need to Know

Head lice are tiny parasitic insects that live on the scalp and feed on blood. They do not cause headaches directly. However, the intense itching and sleep disturbances they cause can lead to tension headaches or a general feeling of being unwell. If a client complains of a headache alongside an itchy scalp, lice should be considered as a possible trigger.

Why Lice Are Often Linked to Headaches

• Itching and scratching: Lice bites cause an allergic reaction that leads to relentless itching. Constant scratching can tense the muscles around the neck and scalp, resulting in a tension headache.
• Sleep disruption: Lice are most active in the dark. An infested person may lose sleep due to itching, and sleep deprivation is a well-known headache trigger.
• Secondary infection: Rarely, scratching breaks the skin and allows bacteria to enter, causing a secondary infection that may be accompanied by headache and fever.

It's important to note that lice do not transmit diseases like Lyme disease or typhus, so a headache is not a direct symptom of the infestation itself.

What CNA Candidates Should Know

On the CNA exam, infection control questions often include lice (pediculosis). You must know that lice spread through direct head-to-head contact or sharing personal items like combs, hats, and pillows. Standard precautions, including wearing gloves when checking a client's scalp and washing linens in hot water, are essential. For more infection control tips, see our CNA infection control exam tips.

If you suspect lice, report it to the nurse immediately. Do not apply over-the-counter treatments without a provider's order. The CDC provides detailed guidance on head lice, including treatment and prevention.

Remember: lice are a nuisance, not a serious medical threat. But they can disrupt a client's comfort and sleep, which may contribute to headaches. Always document and report your observations accurately. For practice with documentation and other CNA skills, try our documentation questions and answers.